前期出版


21

Covid-19:毛主義目的論的挑戰 蘇毅Maoist Teleology Challenged by COVID-19: How to Make the Chinese Dream Charismatic?


作者
蘇毅
Author
Nicolas DROUET
摘要

本文旨透過 Covid-19 危機觀察中國政權特有的目的論及其問題。透過 分析中國 CGTN 頻道一部長篇紀錄片歌頌中國團結抗疫的決心,我們觀察 中國政宣如何在危機中創造神話,如何透過複雜的符號建構,達到宣揚異 於常理的主觀性。其中的敘事,藉由神聖和超自然的概念,游移在兩種文 學類型中:歌頌廣大平凡英雄愛國情懷的戰爭史詩,以及被提昇至宇宙維 度的感人奇幻故事,強調著奇幻和純真。這展現出了兩種截然不同且在許 多方面相互矛盾的問題,兩種主觀意識,兩種時間(向量的和實體的)和 空間的關係,這也對應出了兩種宗教模式。我們的結論是,共產黨了解如 何從當代宗教風氣中得取利益:中國夢的概念既要神聖化又要魔幻化,伴 隨著樂觀主義(鬥爭和進步)到深具魅力及情感宗教的產生,甚至「個人— 全球主義」。此研究的概念框架來自於 David A. Palmer 的研究結果,立基於 中國政治和宗教不分化的假設。

Synopsis

This article examines the question of the wavering of the Maoist teleological discourse during the Covid-19 crisis. Through the analysis of a long documentary by the state channel CGTN exalting the commitment of the united Chinese nation against the epidemic, it shows how propaganda has tried to create a myth adapted to the crisis and, through the elaboration of a sophisticated symbolic architecture, promoted differentiated models of subjectivity. The narratives, wielding sacredness and enchantment, articulate two genres: the warlike and patriotic epic praising the mass of ordinary heroes, and the sentimental and fantastic tale with the dimensions of the universe, highlighting figures of purity and magic. Two distinct relationships to the world appear, two modes of subjectivity, two relationships to time (vectori- al and substantial) and to space, which also correspond to two modes of religiosity. We conclude that the Communist Party has understood the benefit it could derive from the use of a contemporary religious ethos: it is a question of making the Chi- nese Dream both sacred and enchanted, by the association of a positivist discourse (associated with the idea of struggle and progress) with an emotional religion of the charismatic type (“individual-globalist”). The conceptual framework used for this qualitative survey, borrowed from David A. Palmer, is based on the postulate of a lack of differentiation between politics and religion in China.

第二十一期序From the Editor

/ 何重誼Jean-Yves HEURTEBISE

i

22期預告與劉光義教授紀念基金感謝辭About Vol 22 and Acknowledgement

/ 黃翠娥與周岫琴Tsui-O HUANG and Christine CHOU

viii