酒與詩之間的密切關係構成了古希臘、羅馬詩歌與中國古典詩歌中一條共同的主題線索，其特點不僅在於「酒」意象的高頻出現，也體現在相關主題的歷時性延續。早期翻譯中國詩歌的西方譯者似乎也察覺到這一跨文化的相似性，或許正因此，他們以一種未必精確的方式，將中文「酒」譯為英文的“wine＂。基於此，本文嘗試分別探討此一主題在希羅與中國文學中的表現，並透過對比分析，凸顯其發展上的異同。
因此，在這篇文章中，我將詩歌文本置於適度飲酒與自願追求醉酒之間的波動背景中，首先追溯這一主題在其創始時代的表現，然後展示其在新的社會文化秩序中的變化。關於西方領域，先簡述其在荷馬史詩中的最初出現，再探討其於公元前七世紀起希臘獨唱抒情詩中的發展，並進一步分析奧古斯都時期羅馬詩人賀拉斯對此主題的再詮釋；關於中國領域，則從《詩經》中之最早記載出發，追蹤其自東漢滅亡後的再造歷程，此一過程於陶淵明詩中達致高峰，並在唐代李白詩中再次獲得新生命。
最終，本文所揭示的是：酒對詩人個體意識的形成產生了直接而深刻的影響。在兩大文化語境中，詩人正是藉由酒的助力，塑造出獨特且不可重複的自我，並以其人生經歷、選擇、渴望與遺憾，成為自己詩歌中唯一的主體。
The close connection between wine and poetry constitutes a leitmotif that runs parallel in both Greco-Roman and classical Chinese literary traditions, where it is characterized not only by its frequency but also by the continuity of the themes associated with it. Starting from this observation—one that appears to have been perceived also by the earliest Western translators of Chinese poetry, who, likely due to an implicit reference to Greco-Roman literature, chose to render the Chinese term jiu as “wine”—this article examines the theme separately within the Greco-Roman and the Chinese literary spheres, highlighting, through a comparative analysis, both similarities and differences in their respective developments.
By framing the poetic texts within the oscillation between programmatic appeals to restraint and moderation in relation to wine and the voluntary pursuit of altered states through intoxication, the study first traces the origins of the theme in its foundational contexts and then explores its transformation within new sociocultural paradigms. Regarding the Western tradition, after a brief overview of the first occurrences of the theme in Homeric poems, the article investigates its affirmation in Greek monodic lyric from the 7th century BCE onward, followed by its later revival in the Augustan age through the works of the Roman poet Horace. As for the Chinese tradition, after examining the earliest attestations of the theme in the Classic of Poetry, the analysis follows its redefinition, which, initiated in the period following the fall of the Han dynasty, culminates in the poetry of Tao Yuanming and finds renewed expression in the Tang period with Li Bai.
What emerges is a direct influence of wine on the assertion of poetic individuality. In both cultural areas, in fact, also (or above all) thanks to the aid of wine, the poet is shaped as a unique and unrepeatable individual, becoming, with his experiences, life choices, desires and regrets, the sole protagonist of his own poems.