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《竹取物語》中相關“殺”的解讀-從“帝王搶婚”章段管窺作者創作玄機 The "Killing" Theme in Taketorimonogatari: A Study on the Creativity of the "Bride-Kidnapping" Episode


作者
賴振南
Author
Chen-Nan Lai
摘要

《竹取物語》中五位公卿王侯的求婚難題譚,雖然佔了整部作品半數以上的篇幅,但物語卻沒有因求婚失敗而就此落幕,物語情節還繼續朝更高潮的方向推展。一般認爲讓整部物語的文藝性從「說話文學」脫胎換骨成「物語文學」的新境界,以及使得《竹取物語》獲得「物語始祖」稱謂的主要關鍵,是在於帝王的登場、搶婚再到赫映耶姬昇天的情節內容演變。但筆者對於作者安排帝王於五位公卿王侯求婚失敗後登場,又讓帝王向赫映耶姬求婚,進而搶婚的這個橋段的描寫,總覺得破綻重重有畫蛇添足、主題性不彰之嫌。筆者試著從《竹取物語》中相關「殺」的解讀,透過分析「帝王搶婚」這段故事,想審視一番作者的創作玄機。
透過分析「帝王搶婚」這段故事,從《竹取物語》中相關「殺」的解讀開始,除了點出「帝王搶婚」章段的破綻之外,也找出它畫蛇添足的誇張性、膨脹性表現手法,另外點出赫映耶姬的「報恩意識」主軸與帝王之間的戀情無關,更提出個人對「帝王搶婚」章段主題性不彰的看法,最後再把考察所得的作者創作手法五大特性(誇張性、膨脹性、反覆性、戲譫性、極端性),放諸整部作品的作者創作玄機加以審視,結果發現,這創作手法的五大特性已讓《竹取物語》如火烏般從古傳承故事中浴火重生,脫胎換骨成已具現代極短篇小說及現代suspense小說特質的作品。

Synopsis

The failed marriage proposals of the five princes in Taketorimonogatari (henceforth Take) take up half of the chapters in Take and while the five princes are rejected by Kaguyahime in their request for marriage, Take does not end here. Instead, the plot of the story is carried to a new peak. Critics generally agree that the transformation of Take's artistic status from that of a Literature of Narrative to a Literature of Monogatari lies in the passages depicting the arrival of the emperor, the ”bride-kidnapping” and the ascension of Kaguyahime. However, the author of thisarticle considers the arrival of the emperor following the failed marriage proposals of the five princes and later on the emperor's proposal to Kaguyahime (resulting in the ”bride-kidnapping”) as superfluous, and thus obscuring the theme of the story. By analyzing the ”bride-kidnapping” episode and interpretating related passages of ”killing” in Take, this article examines the motives behind the creativity of the author.
Through the analysis of the ”bride-kidnapping” episode and the interpretation of passages related to ”kill” in Take, the author points out the flaws in the ”bride-kidnapping” passage and that the gratefulness of Kuguyahime is not connected to her relationship with the emperor. Then the author analyzes the five techniques utilized in the ”bride-kidnapping” episode, namely exaggeration, expansion, repetition, sarcasm, and extremism, to examine the rest of the novel. The author concludes by suggesting that these five techniques have successfully transformed Take from a traditional folktale to a modern suspense novel.